Introduction
Annual Appropriations
The Budget annual appropriations comprise the three annual Appropriation Bills: the Appropriation (Parliamentary Departments) Bill 2001-2002, Appropriation Bill (No. 1) 2001-2002 and Appropriation Bill (No. 2) 2001-2002.
Appropriation Bill (No. 1) provides for the appropriation of sums from the Consolidated Revenue Fund for the ordinary annual services of the Government. Appropriation Bill (No. 2) provides for the appropriation of the Consolidated Revenue Fund for payments other than the ordinary services of the Government:
•	expenses in relation to grants to the States under section 96 of the Constitution and for payments to the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory;
•	administered expenses for new outcomes; and
•	departmental equity injections, loans and carryovers, as well as administered capital funding.
The annual Appropriation Bills authorise the payment of specified amounts for particular purposes.
These annual appropriations are the source of funding for some 25 per cent of agency expenses. The remaining 75 per cent of expenses are funded by special (or standing) appropriations or receipts from independent sources.
Receipts from independent sources include moneys which are:
•	receipts which are deemed to be appropriated in accordance with Section 31 of the Financial Management and Accountability (FMA) Act 1997, for FMA departments and agencies etc;
•	GST refunds from the Australian Tax Office;
•	receipts credited to Special Accounts; and
•	receipts earned by Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act 1997 authorities and companies which they own separately from the Commonwealth and may apply directly in accordance with their underpinning legislation.
The Resourcing of Agency Expenses table in Budget Paper No. 4 shows, by agency and agency outcome, the aggregate of receipts by source to meet estimated expenses.
The Appropriation Bills, Portfolio Budget Statements and Annual Reports are an integrated package reporting on the proposed allocation of resources to Government outcomes by agencies. Details of the estimated payments under each Special (or standing) Appropriation together with details of estimated Commonwealth receipts from all sources – taxation, customs, excise and receipts from charges for services collected by agencies, have been included in Portfolio Budget Statements. These statements are prepared by Portfolio Ministers for the purposes of Senate Legislation Committees’ examination of the proposed appropriations. The Portfolio Budget Statements are published as Budget Related Papers and tabled in the Parliament at the time of the Budget.
Structure of Appropriations
The ‘1965 Compact’ (as amended for the introduction of accrual budgeting) between the Senate and the House of Representatives governs the allocation of items between the annual Appropriation Bills.
Administered and departmental moneys are treated differently and appropriated separately in the Appropriation Bills. In accordance with accrual accounting principles, departmental expenses are expenses over which an agency has control. These expenses represent the ordinary operating costs of Government departments and agencies. They include:
•	salaries;
•	operational expenses including depreciation; and
•	accruing employee entitlements.
Departmental expenses are notionally split between outcomes, thereby providing an indication of the departmental resources to be allocated towards the achievement of key outcomes for agencies. This split is for information only, as departmental items will be appropriated as a single amount for each agency. The single appropriation for departmental items represents the price paid by Government for all the outputs that the agency plans to deliver.
Administered expenses are expenses that agencies do not have control over. They are normally made pursuant to eligibility rules and conditions established by the Government or Parliament such as grants, subsidies and benefit payments. Annual appropriations for administered expenses are appropriated on the basis of agency outcomes, making clear what the funding is intended to achieve. Administered capital appropriations are provided for activities administered by agencies in their fiduciary capacity on behalf of the Government. They provide funding primarily for acquiring new assets, extending existing assets, discharging administered liabilities and, more generally, for restructuring agencies’ administered balance sheets.
The Goods and Services Tax (GST)
A New Tax System started on 1 July 2000. Under the new system, Commonwealth departments and agencies generally pay and collect GST on the same basis as other Australian entities.
The accepted Australian guidance (Urgent Issues Group Abstract 31) concerning accounting for the GST provides that:
•	revenues, expenses and purchased assets must be recognised net of the amount of recoverable GST;
•	the amount of GST incurred by a purchaser that is not recoverable from the taxation authority must be recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of an asset or as part of an item of expense;
•	receivables and payables must be stated with the amount of GST included; and
•	cash flows must be included in the Statement of Cash Flows on a gross basis in accordance with Accounting Standards AASB 1026 and AAS 28, Statement of Cash Flow.
Appropriation for the GST
The amounts of appropriation shown in the Budget Appropriation Bills for 2001-2002 do not include an allowance for recoverable GST. The figures in the Budget Bills therefore represent the net amount that Parliament is being asked to allocate to particular purposes. This aligns with the accounting treatment of expenses and assets and the presentation of Budget estimates.
In the FMA Act, Parliament has provided an additional appropriation in respect of the recoverable GST element of payments by Commonwealth agencies. The FMA Act has the effect of supplementing the amount shown in the Budget Appropriation Bills against an appropriation item by the amount of recoverable GST associated with payments under the appropriation (a similar arrangement applies for special appropriations). As a result, there is sufficient appropriation for payments under an appropriation item provided that the amount of those payments, less the amount of recoverable GST, can be met from the initial amount shown against the item in the Appropriation Bills.