Statement 9 (continued)

Notes to the general government sector financial statements

Note 1: External reporting standards and accounting policies

The Charter of Budget Honesty Act 1998 (the Charter) requires that the budget be based on external reporting standards and that departures from applicable external reporting standards be identified.

The external standards used for budget reporting purposes are:

• the Australian Bureau of Statistics' (ABS) accrual Government Finance Statistics (GFS) publication, Australian System of Government Finance Statistics: Concepts, Sources and Methods, (cat. no. 5514.0), which in turn is based on the International Monetary Fund (IMF) accrual GFS framework; and
• the Australian Accounting Standards (AAS), issued by the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB), which includes International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted in Australia and the public sector specific standard AASB 1049 Whole of Government and General Government Sector Financial Reporting.

The financial statements have been prepared on an accrual basis that complies with both ABS GFS and AAS, except for departures disclosed at Note 2. A more detailed description of the AAS and ABS GFS frameworks, in addition to definitions of key terms used in these frameworks, can be found in Appendix A. Detailed accounting policies, as well as a set of notes and other disclosures, as required by AAS, are disclosed in the annual Consolidated Financial Statements.

Fiscal reporting focuses on the general government sector (GGS). The GGS provides public services that are mainly non‑market in nature and for the collective consumption of the community, or involve the transfer or redistribution of income. These services are largely financed through taxes and other compulsory levies, user charging and external funding. This sector comprises all government departments, offices and some other bodies. In preparing financial statements for the GGS, all material transactions and balances between entities within the GGS have been eliminated.

The Government's key fiscal aggregates are based on ABS GFS concepts and definitions, including the ABS GFS cash surplus/deficit and the derivation of the underlying cash balance and net financial worth. AASB 1049 requires the disclosure of other ABS GFS fiscal aggregates, including net operating balance, net lending/borrowing (fiscal balance) and net worth. In addition to these ABS GFS aggregates the Uniform Presentation Framework (UPF) requires disclosure of net debt, net financial worth and net financial liabilities.

AASB 1049 and the UFP also provide a basis for reporting of the public non‑financial corporations (PNFC) and public financial corporations (PFC) sectors and the total non‑financial public sector (NFPS).

AASB 1049 requires disaggregated information, by ABS GFS function, for expenses and total assets to be disclosed where they are reliably attributable. ABS GFS does not require total assets to be attributed to functions. In accordance with ABS GFS, disaggregated information for expenses and net acquisition of non‑financial assets by function is disclosed in Statement 5: Expenses and Net Capital Investment. In accordance with the UPF, purchases of non‑financial assets by function are also disclosed in Statement 5.

AASB 1055 requires major variances between original budget estimates and outcomes to be explained in the financial statements. Explanations of variations in fiscal balance, revenue, expenses, net capital investment, cash flows, net debt, net financial worth and net worth since the Mid‑Year Economic and Fiscal Outlook 2014‑15 (MYEFO) are disclosed in Statement 3: Fiscal Strategy and Outlook, with decisions taken since the MYEFO disclosed in Budget Paper No. 2 Budget Measures 2015‑16. All policy decisions taken between the 2014‑15 Budget and the 2014‑15 MYEFO are disclosed in Appendix A of the MYEFO.

Details of the Australian Government's GGS contingent liabilities are disclosed in Statement 8: Statement of Risks.

Note 2: Departures from external reporting standards

The Charter requires that departures from applicable external reporting standards be identified. The major differences between AAS and the ABS GFS treatments of transactions are outlined in Table 13.

AASB 1049 requires AAS measurement of items to be disclosed on the face of the financial statements with reconciliation to ABS GFS measurement of key fiscal aggregates, where different, in notes to the financial statements. Differences from the AAS measurement of items outlined above and reconciliation have not been included as they would effectively create different measures of the same aggregate.

Further information on the differences between the two systems is provided in the ABS publication Australian System of Government Finance Statistics: Concepts, Sources and Methods, 2005 (cat. no. 5514.0).

Table 13: Major differences between AAS and ABS GFS

Issue	AAS treatment	ABS GFS treatment	Treatment adopted
Acquisition of defence weapons platforms (DWP)	Treated as capital expenditure. DWP appear as a non‑financial asset on the balance sheet. Depreciation expense on assets is recorded in the operating statement. AASB 1049 requires cost to be used where fair value of the assets cannot be reliably measured.	ABS has updated its treatment in its GFS reports to record DWP as a non‑financial asset on a market value basis using the perpetual inventory method from September quarter 2009. This represents an early adoption of changes to the System of National Accounts.	AAS
Circulating coins — seigniorage	The profit between the cost and sale of circulating coins (seigniorage) is treated as revenue.	Circulating coins is treated as a liability, and the cost of producing the coins is treated as an expense.	AAS
Provisions for bad and doubtful debts	Reported in the balance sheet as an offset to assets. Under AASB 1049, it is included in the operating statement as other economic flows.	Creating provisions for bad and doubtful debts is not considered an economic event and is therefore not considered to be an expense or reflected in the balance sheet.	AAS
Advances to the International Development Association and Asian Development Fund	Recorded at fair value in the balance sheet.	Recorded at nominal value in balance sheet.	ABS GFS
Concessional loans	Discounts concessional loans by a market rate of a similar instrument.	Does not discount concessional loans as no secondary market is considered to exist.	AAS
Investment in other public sector entities	Valued at fair value in the balance sheet as long as it can be reliably measured, otherwise net assets is permissible.	Unlisted entities valued based on their net assets in the balance sheet.	AAS
Provision for restoration, decommissioning and make‑good	Included in the fiscal balance capital adjustment.	Excluded from the calculation of net lending capital adjustment.	AAS
Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)	The issuance and registration of RECs is considered to be an administrative function and does not result in the recognition of assets or liabilities and, consequently, no revenues or expenses are recognised.	The issuance and registration of RECs is considered to be government financial transactions resulting in the recognition of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses.	AAS
Dividends paid by public corporations	Treated as an equity distribution. Equity distributions are treated as a distribution of profits, as opposed to an expense.	Dividends are treated as an expense.	ABS GFS
Commercial tax effect accounting assets and liabilities	Corporations in the PNFC and PFC sectors record tax expenses on a commercial basis.	Deferred tax assets and liabilities are reversed so that corporations record tax expenses on a consistent basis to the Australian Taxation Office.	ABS GFS
Fiscal aggregates differences
Finance leases	Does not deduct finance leases in the derivation of the cash surplus/deficit.	Deducts finance leases in the derivation of the cash surplus/deficit.	Both are disclosed
Net worth of PNFC and PFC sectors	Calculated as assets less liabilities.	Calculated as assets less liabilities less shares and other contributed capital.	AAS
Net financial worth of PNFC and PFC sectors	Calculated as financial assets less total liabilities.	Calculated as financial assets less total liabilities less shares and contributed capital.	AAS
Classification difference
Prepayments	Treated as a non‑financial asset.	Treated as a financial asset.	ABS GFS
Spectrum sales	Recognise non‑financial asset sales for fiscal balance when payment is made and the licenses take effect, which may be after the auction of licences, as this is regarded as the point control is transferred. Recognise cash at the time of receipt.	Recognise non‑financial asset sales for fiscal balance at time of auction as this is regarded as the point control is transferred. Recognise cash at the time of receipt.	AAS

Note 3: Taxation revenue by type

	Estimates				Projections
	2014‑15	2015‑16	2016‑17		2017‑18	2018‑19
	$m	$m	$m		$m	$m
Individuals and other withholding taxes
Gross income tax withholding	167,860	178,460	189,130		201,270	215,620
Gross other individuals	40,600	43,800	47,230		51,680	56,520
less Refunds	27,300	28,000	28,400		30,000	31,600
Total individuals and other withholding taxation	181,160	194,260	207,960		222,950	240,540
Fringe benefits tax	4,480	5,020	5,230		5,060	5,300
Company tax	69,900	69,800	75,500		82,100	88,200
Superannuation fund taxes	6,200	9,180	10,670		11,350	11,900
Minerals resource rent tax(a)	60	0	0		0	0
Petroleum resource rent tax	1,640	1,420	1,450		1,370	1,380
Income taxation revenue	263,440	279,680	300,810		322,830	347,320
Goods and services tax	56,690	60,330	64,130		67,790	71,780
Wine equalisation tax	820	840	870		910	960
Luxury car tax	510	450	410		420	430
Excise and customs duty
Petrol	6,020	6,130	6,250		6,610	7,010
Diesel	8,830	9,140	9,530		9,940	10,500
Other fuel products	2,980	2,850	2,890		2,970	3,090
Tobacco	8,290	9,390	10,180		10,410	10,720
Beer	2,350	2,400	2,500		2,640	2,770
Spirits	1,980	2,030	2,140		2,240	2,370
Other alcoholic beverages(b)	910	960	1,000		1,050	1,130
Other customs duty
Textiles, clothing and footwear	650	380	290		220	180
Passenger motor vehicles	700	420	400		420	450
Other imports	1,600	1,120	1,010		1,030	1,090
less: Refunds and drawbacks	420	420	420		420	420
Total excise and customs duty	33,890	34,400	35,770		37,110	38,890
Carbon pricing mechanism	0	0	0		0	0
Agricultural levies	492	472	480		488	494
Other taxes	3,275	3,902	4,148		4,242	4,331
Mirror taxes	509	546	581		615	636
less Transfers to States in relation to mirror tax revenue	509	546	581		615	636
Mirror tax revenue	0	0	0		0	0
Indirect taxation revenue	95,677	100,394	105,807		110,960	116,885
Taxation revenue	359,117	380,074	406,617		433,790	464,205
Memorandum:
Total excise	24,140	24,920	25,940		27,060	28,440
Total customs duty	9,750	9,480	9,830		10,050	10,450
Capital gains tax(c)	8,900	11,500	13,900		15,900	17,400
Medicare and DisabilityCare Australia levy	14,050	14,870	15,570		16,290	17,100

(a) Net revenue from the MRRT is expected to be $40 million in 2014‑15 which represents the net revenue impact across different revenue heads. This includes the offsetting reductions in company tax (through deductibility) and interactions with other taxes. The MRRT will not apply beyond 30 September 2014.

(b) Other alcoholic beverages are those not exceeding 10 per cent by volume of alcohol (excluding beer, brandy and wine).

(c) Capital gains tax is part of gross other individuals, company tax and superannuation fund taxes.

Note 3(a): Taxation revenue by source

	Estimates				Projections
	2014‑15	2015‑16	2016‑17		2017‑18	2018‑19
	$m	$m	$m		$m	$m
Taxes on income, profits and capital gains
Income and capital gains levied on individuals	185,660	199,300	213,220		228,020	245,850
Income and capital gains levied on enterprises	77,780	80,380	87,590		94,810	101,470
Total taxes on income, profits and capital gains	263,440	279,680	300,810		322,830	347,320
Taxes on employers' payroll and labour force	738	760	755		757	776
Taxes on the provision of goods and services
Sales/goods and services tax	58,020	61,620	65,410		69,120	73,170
Excises and levies	24,632	25,392	26,420		27,548	28,934
Taxes on international trade	9,750	9,480	9,830		10,050	10,450
Total taxes on the provision of goods and services	92,402	96,492	101,660		106,718	112,554
Other sale of goods and services	2,537	3,142	3,393		3,484	3,555
Total taxation revenue	359,117	380,074	406,617		433,790	464,205
Memorandum:
Medicare and DisabilityCare Australia levy	14,050	14,870	15,570		16,290	17,100

Note 4: Sales of goods and services revenue

	Estimates				Projections
	2014‑15	2015‑16	2016‑17		2017‑18	2018‑19
	$m	$m	$m		$m	$m
Sales of goods	1,620	1,653	1,884		1,943	1,655
Rendering of services	4,060	4,181	6,113		10,531	14,629
Operating lease rental	66	61	60		61	61
Fees from regulatory services	3,531	3,647	3,735		3,796	3,724
Total sales of goods and services revenue	9,277	9,542	11,791		16,331	20,069

Note 5: Interest and dividend revenue

	Estimates				Projections
	2014‑15	2015‑16	2016‑17		2017‑18	2018‑19
	$m	$m	$m		$m	$m
Interest from other governments
State and Territory debt	18	36	37		36	35
Housing agreements	134	129	124		119	114
Total interest from other governments	152	165	161		156	149
Interest from other sources
Advances	46	51	58		98	139
Deposits	85	83	85		87	89
Bank deposits	160	130	129		132	145
Indexation of HELP receivable and other student loans	538	661	982		1,155	1,290
Other	2,671	2,993	3,265		3,531	4,373
Total interest from other sources	3,501	3,918	4,519		5,004	6,036
Total interest	3,653	4,083	4,680		5,159	6,184
Dividends
Dividends from other public sector entities	1,581	598	849		1,013	201
Other dividends	3,215	2,545	2,712		2,898	3,109
Total dividends	4,796	3,143	3,561		3,911	3,310
Total interest and dividend revenue	8,449	7,226	8,241		9,070	9,495

Note 6: Other sources of non‑taxation revenue

	Estimates				Projections
	2014‑15	2015‑16	2016‑17		2017‑18	2018‑19
	$m	$m	$m		$m	$m
Industry contributions	56	57	58		59	60
Royalties	1,496	886	898		811	660
Seigniorage	110	118	111		105	97
Other	5,593	7,446	5,709		6,012	6,703
Total other sources of non‑taxation revenue	7,255	8,508	6,777		6,986	7,519

Note 7: Employee and superannuation expense

	Estimates				Projections
	2014‑15	2015‑16	2016‑17		2017‑18	2018‑19
	$m	$m	$m		$m	$m
Wages and salaries expenses	18,939	19,801	19,948		19,968	20,098
Other operating expenses
Leave and other entitlements	2,351	2,327	2,316		2,310	2,333
Separations and redundancies	255	66	56		52	51
Workers compensation premiums and claims	783	857	893		946	969
Other	2,112	2,260	2,234		2,257	2,303
Total other operating expenses	5,502	5,510	5,499		5,565	5,657
Superannuation expenses
Superannuation	6,803	4,760	4,737		4,755	4,787
Superannuation interest cost	8,989	9,869	10,259		10,648	11,034
Total superannuation expenses	15,792	14,629	14,997		15,403	15,821
Total employee and superannuation expense	40,233	39,940	40,444		40,936	41,576

Note 8: Depreciation and amortisation expense

	Estimates				Projections
	2014‑15	2015‑16	2016‑17		2017‑18	2018‑19
	$m	$m	$m		$m	$m
Depreciation
Specialist military equipment	3,053	3,311	3,615		3,887	4,254
Buildings	1,365	1,423	1,402		1,435	1,484
Other infrastructure, plant and equipment	1,433	1,438	1,461		1,484	1,499
Heritage and cultural assets	38	38	38		37	37
Total depreciation	5,889	6,210	6,516		6,844	7,274
Total amortisation	915	972	950		875	880
Total depreciation and amortisation expense	6,804	7,182	7,466		7,719	8,154

Note 9: Supply of goods and services expense

	Estimates				Projections
	2014‑15	2015‑16	2016‑17		2017‑18	2018‑19
	$m	$m	$m		$m	$m
Supply of goods and services	25,852	27,809	26,280		27,043	27,906
Operating lease rental expenses	2,494	2,536	2,506		2,538	2,576
Personal benefits — indirect(a)	44,666	46,962	48,927		56,660	60,060
Health care payments	5,307	5,336	5,423		5,547	5,696
Other	2,155	2,402	2,593		2,782	2,550
Total supply of goods and services expense	80,474	85,046	85,729		94,569	98,788

(a) Includes Child Care Subsidy from 2017‑18, when all payments will be made directly to child care providers. See also Note 12, Personal benefits expense.

Note 10: Interest expense

	Estimates				Projections
	2014‑15	2015‑16	2016‑17		2017‑18	2018‑19
	$m	$m	$m		$m	$m
Interest on debt
Government securities(a)	14,450	15,560	16,454		16,845	17,363
Loans	9	10	0		1	1
Other	368	376	371		372	368
Total interest on debt	14,827	15,945	16,825		17,217	17,732
Other financing costs	1,088	1,325	2,216		2,435	2,410
Total interest expense	15,915	17,270	19,040		19,652	20,141

(a) Public debt interest estimates are calculated using the contract interest rates incurred on existing Commonwealth Government Securities (CGS) when issued and on technical assumptions, based on prevailing market interest rates across the yield curve, for yields on future CGS issuance.

Note 11: Current and capital grants expense

	Estimates				Projections
	2014‑15	2015‑16	2016‑17		2017‑18	2018‑19
	$m	$m	$m		$m	$m
Current grants expense
State and Territory governments	95,095	99,619	104,999		109,679	116,103
Local governments	6	2	0		0	0
Private sector	1,176	1,064	863		561	568
Overseas	4,622	3,653	3,882		3,809	3,977
Non‑profit organisations	2,480	3,083	2,839		3,231	2,930
Multi‑jurisdictional sector	10,076	10,219	9,791		9,912	10,069
Other	10,981	10,776	14,144		20,506	27,715
Total current grants expense	124,435	128,415	136,519		147,698	161,362
Capital grants expense
Mutually agreed write‑downs	2,124	2,199	2,366		2,560	2,713
Other capital grants
State and Territory governments	6,162	7,425	9,849		7,688	4,530
Local governments	445	665	332		332	332
Private sector	0	0	0		0	0
Multi‑jurisdictional sector	102	103	99		100	102
Other	455	447	588		853	1,153
Total capital grants expense	9,288	10,840	13,234		11,532	8,830
Total grants expense	133,723	139,254	149,752		159,229	170,191

Note 12: Personal benefits expense

	Estimates				Projections
	2014‑15	2015‑16	2016‑17		2017‑18	2018‑19
	$m	$m	$m		$m	$m
Social welfare ‑ assistance to the aged	42,416	44,751	46,779		48,231	50,862
Assistance to veterans and dependants	6,008	5,768	5,578		5,347	5,166
Assistance to people with disabilities	24,243	25,166	26,313		27,472	28,669
Assistance to families with children(a)	34,199	33,263	31,724		26,857	27,609
Assistance to the unemployed	10,810	11,515	11,590		11,445	12,048
Student assistance	3,570	3,041	3,081		3,155	3,439
Other welfare programmes	1,155	1,093	1,101		416	473
Financial and fiscal affairs	477	512	495		483	472
Vocational and industry training	140	95	84		92	93
Other	7,645	7,921	10,076		12,433	17,230
Total personal benefits expense	130,663	133,123	136,821		135,931	146,061

(a) Excludes Child Care Subsidy from 2017‑18, when all payments will be made directly to child care providers. See also Note 9, Supply of goods and services expense.

Note 13: Advances paid and other receivables

	Estimates				Projections
	2014‑15	2015‑16	2016‑17		2017‑18	2018‑19
	$m	$m	$m		$m	$m
Advances paid
Loans to State and Territory governments	3,160	3,354	3,262		3,119	2,961
Higher Education Loan Program	30,220	36,482	44,175		52,878	62,691
Student Financial Supplement Scheme	553	505	460		411	361
Other	12,169	12,779	15,677		17,513	19,072
less Provision for doubtful debts	228	220	207		198	189
Total advances paid	45,874	52,901	63,368		73,722	84,896
Other receivables
Goods and services receivable	784	803	807		805	812
Recoveries of benefit payments	3,818	4,243	4,735		4,767	4,709
Taxes receivable	19,859	21,374	22,580		23,938	26,665
Prepayments	3,063	3,048	3,083		3,041	3,000
Other	18,770	18,101	19,123		20,036	20,098
less Provision for doubtful debts	1,465	1,588	1,779		1,964	2,022
Total other receivables	44,828	45,980	48,549		50,623	53,261

Note 14: Investments, loans and placements

	Estimates				Projections
	2014‑15	2015‑16	2016‑17		2017‑18	2018‑19
	$m	$m	$m		$m	$m
Investments ‑ deposits	39,805	28,717	37,028		30,645	30,481
IMF quota	5,520	11,538	11,594		11,609	11,609
Other	85,832	97,692	113,090		120,387	126,215
Total investments, loans and placements	131,157	137,947	161,712		162,641	168,306

Note 15: Total non‑financial assets

	Estimates				Projections
	2014‑15	2015‑16	2016‑17		2017‑18	2018‑19
	$m	$m	$m		$m	$m
Land and buildings
Land	9,287	9,144	9,152		9,122	9,218
Buildings	26,043	26,927	27,536		28,427	29,306
Total land and buildings	35,331	36,071	36,688		37,549	38,524
Plant, equipment and infrastructure
Specialist military equipment	43,646	45,968	48,749		51,614	55,796
Other	13,366	13,798	13,873		13,961	13,907
Total plant, equipment and infrastructure	57,012	59,766	62,622		65,575	69,703
Inventories
Inventories held for sale	1,447	1,504	1,582		1,637	1,495
Inventories not held for sale	6,913	6,707	6,599		6,450	6,313
Total inventories	8,360	8,211	8,181		8,087	7,808
Intangibles
Computer software	3,637	3,722	3,660		3,617	3,528
Other	2,675	2,825	3,026		3,614	3,935
Total intangibles	6,312	6,547	6,686		7,231	7,463
Total investment properties	195	195	195		195	195
Total biological assets	36	36	36		36	36
Total heritage and cultural assets	10,843	10,852	10,864		10,877	10,889
Total assets held for sale	113	72	72		72	72
Total other non‑financial assets	582	348	260		303	308
Total non‑financial assets	118,784	122,098	125,604		129,925	134,998

Note 16: Loans

	Estimates				Projections
	2014‑15	2015‑16	2016‑17		2017‑18	2018‑19
	$m	$m	$m		$m	$m
Promissory notes	4,250	8,266	7,769		7,745	7,720
Special drawing rights	5,258	5,258	5,285		5,292	5,292
Other	838	624	554		466	389
Total loans	10,347	14,148	13,607		13,502	13,400

Note 17: Employee and superannuation liabilities

	Estimates				Projections
	2014‑15	2015‑16	2016‑17		2017‑18	2018‑19
	$m	$m	$m		$m	$m
Total superannuation liability(a)	167,327	173,921	180,532		187,117	193,677
Other employee liabilities
Leave and other entitlements	7,389	7,464	7,521		7,595	7,678
Accrued salaries and wages	718	558	557		569	578
Workers compensation claims	3,363	3,425	3,491		3,555	3,627
Other	4,561	4,658	4,793		4,940	5,087
Total other employee liabilities	16,030	16,105	16,362		16,659	16,971
Total employee andsuperannuation liabilities	183,357	190,026	196,894		203,777	210,648

(a) For budget reporting purposes, a discount rate applied by actuaries in preparing Long Term Cost Reports is used to value the superannuation liability. This reduces the volatility in reported liabilities that would occur from year to year if the long‑term government bond rate were used. Consistent with AAS, the long‑term government bond rate as at 30 June is used to calculate the superannuation liability for the purpose of actuals reporting.

Note 18: Provisions and payables

	Estimates				Projections
	2014‑15	2015‑16	2016‑17		2017‑18	2018‑19
	$m	$m	$m		$m	$m
Suppliers payable
Trade creditors	4,003	3,957	3,922		4,043	4,048
Operating lease rental payable	293	298	302		302	300
Other creditors	660	659	664		663	664
Total suppliers payable	4,956	4,914	4,887		5,008	5,012
Total personal benefits provisions and payables	13,261	12,826	12,446		11,414	11,485
Total subsidies provisions and payables	4,585	4,854	5,071		5,178	5,367
Grants provisions and payables
State and Territory governments	107	74	73		69	61
Non‑profit organisations	62	62	62		62	62
Private sector	237	233	232		232	232
Overseas	1,424	1,108	2,199		1,846	1,692
Local governments	2	2	2		2	2
Other	8,494	6,994	6,595		6,474	6,379
Total grants provisions and payables	10,325	8,472	9,162		8,684	8,427
Other provisions and payables
Provisions for tax refunds	2,174	2,219	2,235		2,235	2,228
Other	10,912	12,739	13,186		12,027	12,260
Total other provisions and payables	13,086	14,959	15,421		14,262	14,488

Note 19: Reconciliation of cash

	Estimates				Projections
	2014‑15	2015‑16	2016‑17		2017‑18	2018‑19
	$m	$m	$m		$m	$m
Operating balance (revenues less expenses)	‑36,237	‑29,118	‑19,227		‑5,638	1,860
less Revenues not providing cash
Other	1,585	1,483	1,526		1,790	2,370
Total revenues not providing cash	1,585	1,483	1,526		1,790	2,370
plus Expenses not requiring cash
Increase/(decrease) in employee entitlements	8,826	6,753	7,202		7,262	7,304
Depreciation/amortisation expense	6,804	7,182	7,466		7,719	8,154
Mutually agreed write‑downs	2,124	2,199	2,366		2,560	2,713
Other	1,264	1,188	1,116		2,290	2,260
Total expenses not requiring cash	19,018	17,321	18,150		19,831	20,432
plus Cash provided/(used) by workingcapital items
Decrease/(increase) in inventories	‑272	‑118	‑161		‑116	66
Decrease/(increase) in receivables	‑5,611	‑8,058	‑10,022		‑10,309	‑10,117
Decrease/(increase) in other financial assets	1,828	1,787	2,450		2,863	2,573
Decrease/(increase) in other non‑financial assets	‑119	‑27	‑75		‑18	‑34
Increase/(decrease) in benefits, subsidies and grants payable	‑3,463	‑1,808	607		‑1,190	158
Increase/(decrease) in suppliers' liabilities	670	‑48	‑36		115	‑19
Increase/(decrease) in other provisions and payables	‑2,348	‑1,003	‑1,390		‑2,126	‑2,433
Net cash provided/(used) by working capital	‑9,315	‑9,273	‑8,626		‑10,781	‑9,805
equals (Net cash from/(to) operating activities)	‑28,119	‑22,553	‑11,229		1,622	10,117
plus (Net cash from/(to) investing activities)	‑24,093	‑25,338	‑52,670		‑24,581	‑30,323
Net cash from operating activities and investment	‑52,213	‑47,891	‑63,899		‑22,959	‑20,206
plus (Net cash from/(to) financing activities)	51,512	48,182	64,652		23,760	20,926
equals Net increase/(decrease) in cash	‑701	291	753		801	721
Cash at the beginning of the year	3,844	3,144	3,435		4,187	4,988
Net increase/(decrease) in cash	‑701	291	753		801	721
Cash at the end of the year	3,144	3,435	4,187		4,988	5,709